The chewing system primarily includes the teeth, chewing muscles, and temporomandibular joints (TMJ). Our body has highly sensitive, complex, and extensively interconnected biomechanical functional units. If the biomechanics of the chewing system are somehow disrupted, this can lead to temporomandibular disorders (TMD) or similar conditions. The harmonious interaction between the upper and lower jaws, provided by the TMJ and chewing muscles, is essential for our health. If this harmony is disturbed, chewing, swallowing, and using facial muscles can become painful and difficult. The TMJ, when not in its proper anatomical position and negatively impacting surrounding tissues, can also adversely affect overall body health and posture.

The resulting symptoms are complex and difficult to explain. Therefore, patients affected by this condition are often told that these complaints are psychological or stress-related, and treatments are administered accordingly. Additionally, some cases are diagnosed as “bruxism” or “teeth grinding.” This diagnosis is also not helpful in the treatment process because, in our view, teeth grinding is not the disorder itself but a result of underlying complex problems. Biomechanical imbalances in the chewing system are often the real cause of these complaints. Patients with TMD are generally given exercises, antidepressant medication, muscle injections, and night guards. These options reduce the patient’s complaints but never provide a definitive solution to the underlying problem.

Detecting such disorders within the chewing system, recognizing their causes, and treating them often requires collaboration with other fields. The goal is for patients to live without symptoms and complaints, without needi

In our treatments, we passionately and meticulously apply our experiences to achieve lasting results, particularly by addressing the functional aspects of your chewing system. We focus on the biologically correct treatment of your chewing system affected by functional disorders.

The fundamental principle of our approach is the biofunctional holistic treatment concept.

This concept is based on accurately measuring and observing the factors in your chewing system: the stable orthopedic position of the TMJ, well-defined occlusion (the closure of the teeth), and natural tooth forms. These elements are responsible for the long-term functional health of the chewing system. Physiological function, comfortable chewing, longevity, and aesthetic appearance depend on the ideal biological shapes of these tissues.

Teeth, chewing muscles, and TMJ are interconnected in a highly sensitive, complex, and biofunctional manner.

If those conditions are not met, each anatomical structure and tissue is inevitably subjected to unnatural stresses. Such functional disorders can also result from inadequate dental restorations or poorly performed orthodontic treatment. Patients affected by this condition do not notice their discomfort for a long time; the chewing system temporarily “adapts” to this situation. This adaptation causes continuous wear on the teeth over the years, unrelated to the side effects of aging and natural processes. Most patients are usually labeled as “teeth grinders” or “bruxism patients,” with the condition thought to be psychological or stress-related. None of these approaches can fully resolve the problems.

Additionally, the patient may feel that their bite is incorrect but not show other symptoms initially. When the body can no longer compensate for these irregularities, various diseases and symptoms can develop.

Since the chewing system is not an isolated organ, these disorders can affect the entire body. These disorders are grouped under the collective term “temporomandibular disorders.”

Biofunctional Reconstruction of the Chewing System is Divided into Three Main Treatment Stages:

Stage 1: Preliminary Treatment of TMJ and Chewing Muscles

One of the most important characteristics of a healthy chewing system is the correct positioning of the TMJ. Therefore, in the first stage of our treatment, we ensure the TMJs are in their natural and healthy orthopedic position. To achieve this, we use a splint called MAGO, which eliminates biomechanical irregularities in the teeth. The MAGO splint is different from a simple night guard to prevent teeth grinding. No intervention on the teeth is necessary during this stage of treatment.

Thanks to its highly sensitive and purpose-driven design, the MAGO splint stimulates correct biomechanical chewing movement, allowing the chewing muscles, TMJ, and teeth to work together in perfect harmony. The duration of splint use varies depending on the severity of dysfunctional conditions. Adjustments can be made to the MAGO splint during the healing process of the structures and tissues of the chewing system, making both its use and treatment easier. At the end of MAGO treatment, the structures of the temporomandibular joint heal physiologically in the correct orthopedic position, stabilizing reliably. Thus, the correct centric position is determined reliably and can be repeated with each chewing motion. This stabilization is essential for the functional correctness and longevity of future reconstructions.

Since the chewing system is not isolated in the body, we also evaluate and consider the body posture before our treatment. Occasionally, we can benefit from physiotherapy support parallel to MAGO treatment. In such cases, MAGO treatment ensures that the success of physiotherapy is lasting.

Stage 2: Diagnosis and Treatment Plan

Based on the TMJ position and measurements determined at the end of the first stage, the necessary changes to create a harmonious functional chewing system are identified.

In this stage, we work with jaw models for each tooth’s future state, ensuring the entire system functions perfectly. Changes needed for the teeth may be a small shape correction or a major restoration. In some cases, initiating orthodontic treatment can be a good way to avoid major restorations on the teeth.

Creating the final restorations’ wax-up requires knowledge of the chewing system’s biomechanics. We use this knowledge to prepare the wax model, showing the patient the finished state and explaining all treatment stages.

Stage 3: Transferring the Wax Model to the Mouth (Mock-Up)

Adapting the wax model to the mouth for a successful outcome requires good planning and precision. For example, the determined TMJ position from the first stage must not be disrupted, and each tooth must touch specific points on the opposing teeth. These fine details are crucial for long-term success.

For these reasons, in most cases, at least some teeth are initially adapted with temporary restorations. These temporaries are made with the same form and precision as the final permanent restorations.

Additionally, these restorations have the advantage of being adjustable in the mouth for the health of the periodontium, muscle system, and TMJ. Necessary adjustments, refinements, and fine-tunings are made on these temporaries before proceeding with the permanent ceramic restorations, eliminating the need for splints.

For those with some degree of TMJ problems, intervening in dental treatments solely for aesthetic reasons can be incorrect and worsen the condition.

While aesthetics is not the primary goal of our jaw orthopedics treatment concept, a healthy and functional chewing system automatically provides a good aesthetic appearance. This perspective significantly differentiates the biofunctional treatment concept from purely cosmetic dental procedures.

Biofunctional dentistry aims to create a long-lasting and naturally beautiful chewing system in the best way possible.

In addition to providing high-quality general dental care to our patients, we guarantee technical precision, ideal aesthetics, and longevity in the comprehensive and functional rehabilitation of the chewing system.

Based on experimental findings and the underlying scientific research, we see that the chewing system is in balance with the rest of the body as a very sensitive and biofunctional organ, separate from other organs. Our approach is not merely symptom-focused dental treatment. We care for our patients by finding the causes of their symptoms and providing long-term treatments, especially for those with TMJ disorders.

The fundamental principle of our approach is based on the biofunctional treatment concept developed over many years in the United States. The long-term professional network we have established with recognized experts in various fields of dentistry gives us access to treatments that meet the highest standards of dentistry. With our experience, precision, and passion, we dedicate ourselves to your treatments.

We provide treatments at the highest standards and continue to develop ourselves. Our patients come from various provinces in Turkey and other countries, including many colleagues and dentists.

Zirconium is a specially designed dental crown or bridge in high-tech 3D computer systems (CAD/CAM) and special dental CNC machines. Zirconium is a very hard material, highly resistant to abrasion and biocompatible material, and has started to be used in dentistry with the development of computer technology and 3D modeling systems. They are used as a heat shield in space shuttles and also for the construction of engine parts thanks to these properties. Today, they are preferred aesthetically due to their white color and light transmittance, as they provide conveniency and durability to support the upper porcelain layer instead of metal infrastructures.

Zirconium is used in cases of excessive caries and material losses that the teeth require crowns, bridges or implant crowns in the lack of teeth, in the presence of situations requiring smile design or aesthetic intervention such as discrete teeth (diastema) or crooked teeth.

Dentist takes impressions after making necessary arrangements such as tooth preparation in the region where crowns will be inserted. On the cast model obtained from taken impressions, three-dimensional scanning is performed with a 3D scanner(CAD/CAM). Planned bridges, veneers/crowns or prostheses are modeled in computer program and transferred to CNC machine. The machine obtains the engraved zirconium substructure by milling over the zirconium block. The prepared zirconium substructure is adapted to the model and the ceramist technician puts porcelain onto substructure to form crowns with aesthetic and chewing function. Finally, the dentist performs this zirconium-based prosthesis in the mouth by making the final arrangements and cementation.

Zirconium is one of the most biocompatible materials. They are perfectly compatible with gums and oral tissues. It is very advantageous in terms of aesthetics due to its white color and light transmission. It does not cause much aesthetic problems about gingival recessions that may occur in future years. The bruising on the gums due to oxidation, which can be seen from time to time in metal infused porcelain crowns, does not occur with zirconium and it does not cause a bad taste. It does not allow bacteria to adhere to the surface. Compared to the expansion and adjustment problems due to the casting process in the production of metal infrastructures, they are more adaptable to fit on prepared teeth because they are completely computer-aided.

Although zirconium is a hard material, they can have brittleness due to lack of flexibility compared to metal. They should not be preferred for very long bridges, although their fracture resistance allows them to be easily used in the mouth. Your dentist will make the distinction and decision.

The laboratory stages of zirconium crown production takes approximately 4-5 days. Including teeth preparation, reshaping the teeth, taking impressions, planning, fitting and final cementation, it may take around a week.

Zirconium crowns are very resistant to abrasion. They do not lose their color and brightness. The life-time of a zirconium crown depends on the health of the oral tissues and the condition of the existing teeth.

Dental implants are artificial roots, mostly in the form of screws, obtained from highly biocompatible materials such as titanium or zirconium placed in the jawbone to replace the lost tooth or teeth in case of tooth deficiencies. These artificial roots, which are placed on the jawbone by operation, unite to the bone within 2-4 months and become ready for dental production. While a single crown can be attached on the implant for a single tooth deficiency, multiple crowns can be attached to the implant in the form of bridges or partial dentures on partial edentulous areas. Implants are now an indispensable application of dentistry. Implants, which are well known in the society, are known as screw teeth, fastening teeth or artificial root.

Nowadays, patients who lost their teeth due to various reasons, can replace the lost tooth by specialists immediately. Patients with previously lost tooth or teeth, and even patients with no teeth remaining in the mouth, can regain their aesthetic and chewing skills by having implants.

Individuals of all ages who have reached the age of adolescents with dental deficiencies who need dental implants for various reasons can have implants if they do not have a medical condition that would interfere with implant operation.

For multiple tooth deficiencies, it is not necessary to replace each missing tooth with an implant. Prosthesis can be made as bridges on the implants to be made according to the amount of tooth deficiency. Even for complete toothless people (patients who have total edentulism), sometimes 4 implants can replace all teeth in one jaw.

Implant surgery can take from 15 minutes to several hours depending on the difficulty of the surgical procedure.

Implant surgery is a painless procedure for patients. In some complicated situations, it may be difficult for the specialists to perform the operation. While an experienced and well-equipped team can easily overcome these difficulties with their knowledge and skills, there may occur some problems for patients who have this operation by dentists who do not have enough knowledge, experience or proper equipments.

Since the implant surgery is performed under local anesthesia, the patient has no pain during the operation. After the operation, a mild pain that may occur is prevented with painkillers immediately after the surgery. For patients who are relaxed and calm, the operation process is much more comfortable, whereas the fear and uneasiness give the patient more trouble than the implant operation. The patients who have implants confess that they have experienced an easier process than they expected.

Every dentist with dental diploma in our country has the authority to do implants. In the faculties of dentistry, dentists are taught what an implant is, not to do implant surgery. After basic dentistry training, dentists who have a special training in related departments can do implants.

Since the implant is applied to replace missing teeth, to regain aesthetic and chewing efficacy, it concerns the field of prosthodontics, but the implant is a surgical procedure and most ideally it can be performed by a prosthodontist and an oral surgeon working together. After the examination, the prosthodontist determines the areas that will require implant according to the requirements of the prosthesis to be put on them and conveys their expectations to the oral surgeon. Two specialists evaluate the case on an x-ray and plan treatment together. Especially in multiple implant surgeries, it is ideal to enter the surgery together. Thus, the maxillofacial surgeon who will place the implant and the prosthodontist who will make the prosthesis can work as a team to reach the perfect result.

It usually takes 3 months in the upper jaw and 2 months in the lower jaw for the implant to be healed. This is because the bone structure of both jaws is different. In addition, this period may be extended in the presence of some additional surgical interventions such as  bone graft placements. When the healing is completed, the fabrication and application of the prosthesis are completed within a few days to 1-2 weeks depending on the type of prosthesis.

The first week after implant surgery is the most important period. Prescribed medications, especially antibiotics, should be taken on a regular basis. The first few hours after the surgery, patient should not eat or drink anything. For the next two days, the patient should especially avoid heat. Ice compression is necessary to keep possible swelling to a minimum. During this time, hot dishes such as soup, hot drinks such as tea or coffee will not be favorable. On the first night, lying your head on the high pillow will also reduce swelling. Since stitches will not be removed before 7-10 days, hard foods that will damage the area should be avoided during this time and brushing your teeth hard is inadvisable.

Patients who have implants expect these artificial roots to remain in the mouth for life, although this is partly true, but it is important to know that the life-time of a dental implant will actually be as much as a healthy tooth. In other words, we may have a gum disease around the implant like we lose our teeth as a result of tooth decay or gum disease. Just as we can keep our teeth healthy by making daily oral care to protect our teeth, we should also take care of the dental implant and take good care of our implant under the control of your speacialists. When these considerations are taken into, well-performed implants can function for life.

There may be situations that may prevent the individual who wishes to have an implant to undergo an operation by the reason of general health condition. This usually occurs in uncontrolled conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, extremely high blood pressure diseases. In such cases, the dentist is communication with the patient’s medical specialist for the patient’s health condition and in some cases the patient may not be allowed to have an implant. These conditions are not actually related to the implant, but the obstacles to the patient to undergo any operation.

Otherwise, in some cases, the amount of bone in the desired area for implant may not be sufficient for implantation. In such cases, some additional surgical procedures can be performed by increasing the amount of bone in the region, but in these cases the treatment time will be prolonged.

In bridge-type prostheses which are used to complete missing teeth, prosthesis can be prepared by reshaping the teeth which are in front of and behind the cavity, while implant treatment is independent of neighboring teeth and does not require any intervention for these neighboring teeth. They are very reliable and comfortable to use. Even for the patients who have no tooth (total edentulism), their prosthesis can be turned into a more useful and comfortable prosthesis by supporting them with these implants.

Implants can be applied at any age except individuals who have not yet reached puberty.

In some cases, especially in cases of single implants, the gingiva is removed cylindrically, reaching the bone just as much as the diameter of the implant, and the implant is placed so that no suture is required.

Today, patients who lost their teeth due to various reasons, can replace the lost tooth immediately by a dentist. Patients who previously lost teeth or teeth, even patients with no teeth remaining in the mouth, can regain their esthetic and chewing skills by having implants.

Since implant surgery requires working on the bone, swelling and bruises may occur during the healing process. Although this varies from person to person, it is part of the recovery. However, swelling and bruising can be minimized by some precautions. Particularly with ice compression on surgery area and, in some cases, with certain medicines, swelling can be kept to a minimum.

Today, hundreds of brands and models of implants are available. The types of materials used in the implants are substantially similar and are the same in principle. However, it will be useful to choose brands that have high recognition and proven success. What is important here is that the model of the implant should be accurately selected by the dentist according to the patient’s condition.

Dental implants are made of materials with the highest biocompatibility, such as titanium or zirconium. They show excellent compatibility with the bone structure, but as a result of some complications, some implants may fail by not uniting to the bone. As a result, the success rate in implant surgery is over 98%.

Smoking can reduce the success of implants. Especially, it is found that the probability of failure is much 2-3 times more in smokers than non-smokers.

One of the most curious subjects is the dental implants beeping in the metal detector. Implants do not beep in metal detector, and people can easily go through monitoring tests with metal-sensitive devices such as MRI.

Only for removable prostheses, sometimes 2 or 4 implants can be placed and the prosthesis can be adapted to the implants with some adjustments that the patient is comfortable and satisfied with.

When a tooth is lost, the bone in the area will slowly resorb over time. Since the region will become active again with implant placement, resorption is prevented to a great extent. Teeth adjacent to a missing tooth may tend to lean towards the gap, while the teeth opposite the gap may extend into the cavity. Therefore, the sooner the implant can be replaced, the better it will be.

They are also called inlay and onlays. Especially for the teeth with huge material loss, they are preferred to have a longer life of restoration. It is the type of filling in which aesthetically best results are obtained.

They are not made in the oral cavity like other fillings. As a whole, they are more precise because they are produced under laboratory conditions. It has a longer life compared to other aesthetic filling materials and systems. Its surface is highly polished and that’s why it does not allow bacteria to adhere, so they are hygienic.

Porcelain fillings are relatively expensive because they are produced by precise laboratory methods. Due to the production of restorations, they may require a second session for bonding.

After cleaning the caries and preparing the tooth, the dentist will take an impression from the tooth with silicone or a digital scanner. The model is obtained from these impressions in the laboratory and restoration which is designed with 3D digital systems are adapted to this model. This restoration (inlay / onlay) fits into the cavity of the prepared tooth. Finally, the dentist bonds this restoration to the tooth with a light-curing resin-based adhesive cements.

They are also known as laminate veneers, laminated teeth, porcelain laminates, leaf porcelain or nail teeth. Lamina means leaf as its origin in Latin. In smile design, they are made of fine porcelain structures with a thickness of 0.3-0.7 mm cemented to give the desired tooth form and tooth color to the front surface of the teeth.

We can think of laminate veneers as ladies’ artificial nails. From time to time, the teeth require less or even no tooth preparation if they are to be extruded out of their position, whereas if the teeth are to be positioned thinner or inward than the present position, they require more tooth trimming than this amount.

When patient has yellow teeth or discoloration, when orthodontic wire treatment is not desired or can not be applied for crowded teeth, excessively eroded short teeth, in the presence of broken teeth, in the presence of malformed teeth, it can be applied to give a new smile to the patient.

In dentistry, porcelain is the most aesthetically successful and long-lasting material. Laminate veneers provide the most conservative method for the use of porcelain on existing teeth for aesthetic purposes. The dentist can design the patient’s smile thanks to the veneers which can be applied to the existing teeth sometimes without any trimming or preparation. Since the chewing surfaces of the teeth are not touched, they do not cause any discomfort to the person and there is no problem of getting used to them. It is the most aesthetically perfect result. This is due to the high light transmittance of the material. They are permanently adapted to the teeth like the enamel of the tooth and cannot be removed again after cementation.

Its application and laboratory phase is very precise compared to other methods; requires high technical skills. The manufacturing phase in the laboratory and the bonding process in the mouth is exacting. It is an expensive application because of these reasons.

It can be made for people of any age who need to have a smile design. In case of tooth deficiency, excessive filling on posterior teeth, decay or abrasion on the back surfaces of the teeth, excessive gingival recessions, excessive bruxism, veneers cannot be applied to the patient. The suitability of the patient for this procedure can be determined by the dentist after the examination.

As long as the health of the teeth and gums are maintained, they can be used for many years without any problems. Lamina veneers retain their brightness and color. The patient can continue to use his/her veneers unless aesthetic problems about the changes in the surrounding tissues over years occur again.

Laminate veneers are made with the highest quality ceramic which retain their color and brightness. Their color are not affected by smoking, drinks such as tea and coffee which can leave stains easily.

Lamina veneers are bonded to the teeth with strong adhesives adhesive; they are not likely to be removed or dropped again except extraordinary conditions. When they should be removed, they can be abraded away with diamond burs.

Laboratory production stages of veneers take 3-4 days, but with smile design and detailed preparatory work, this period should be considered as 1 week. After 1 week following the preparation and impression session, there is also a bonding session.

Methods for treating a tooth decay have been studied to fill the formed cavity on the tooth by removing the decay. Amalgam fillings have been the most successful treatment in this regard in the history of dentistry. However, amalgam has been completely abandoned in today’s modern dentistry, especially due to speculation about its mercury and its aesthetic insufficiency.

Today, light-cured composite materials are used for aesthetic and long-lasting use of the lost tooth tissue.

The old amalgam fillings used to harden in the cavity by themselves. They did not use to be bonded to the tooth; it would hold on mechanically. Composite fillings chemically and physically adhere to the tooth tissue and do not fall when done correctly.

The lifetime of the filling is directly related to its size and location. For this reason, they are maintained at 6-month routine checks. When they do not have marginal integrity anymore due to wear over the years, they should be renewed to prevent new caries formation.

Although tooth color may vary individually, they may not remain the same over time and may turn pale. Depending on how much we eat, drink and take care of personal oral care, our teeth turn pale and yellow over time. This can aesthetically distress us. We can say that it is common wish of everyone to have a white smile by removing the pale color of our teeth.

The color of our teeth may become yellow/pale by the staining elements absorbed by the tooth tissue over time, and some stains adhering to the tooth surface will also make the teeth yellow. In addition, some structural defects can cause yellow teeth. Due to some medications used in infancy, discoloration may occur in later years. In the teeth that have lost their vitality, internal discoloration because of deterioration of the tissues inside can be seen.

First of all, we should not resort to various methods that we think we can do ourselves to whiten our teeth. This can occasionally cause irreversible damage. However, with a dentist’s check, your problem can be simply identified and an appropriate treatment can be applied to you in a correct and permanent way. To better determine the cause of the discoloration, a professional dental cleaning is performed by the dentist. We recommend that you have this scaling (cleaning) done in accordance with your needs during the 6-month checks. During dental scaling, stains on the tooth surface are removed and the tooth’s own color is exposed. In this way, if the tooth color still appears yellow and pale, applications are needed to whiten the tooth’s own color.

First, the tooth surface is cleaned and the tooth’s own color is exposed. The teeth can be bleached with chemicals such as carbamide-peroxide or hydrogen peroxide applied to the tooth surface. There are basically two methods

A transparent and soft thin plaque is prepared for the teeth. The syringe-shaped bleaching gel is given by the dentist. This gel is squeezed into the plaque and the plaque is put into the mouth. It is applied by the patient himself/herself. By putting on this plaque for  2-4 hours a day, usually an enough bleaching is achieved in 1 week. The dosage of bleaching can be adjusted by extending or shortening this time.

A higher concentration of whitening agents is applied to the surface of the tooth by the dentist and is generally completed in 45 minutes to 1 hour. Since the applied chemical agent will cause damage to the gums and soft tissues, the dentist should completely isolate the teeth from the gums, cheeks, and lips. Bleaching agents are applied to the tooth surface and the waiting phase is started. This period is completed by activating the bleaching agent with laser or UV rays.

From time to time, these two methods can be combined and repeated every 6-12 months to achieve a more excellent result.

No permanent damage arising from tooth bleaching or whitening has been detected. Tooth whitening can cause sensitivity, especially when the tooth tissue is highly permeable. This sensitivity can give an unpleasant sensation and will disappear within 24 hours and is not permanent. Tooth whitening time should be shortened due to sensitivity. For these people, teeth whitening should be performed in more sessions and in shorter periods.

Following the bleaching process, especially in the first weeks tea, coffee, red wine, cherry juice, cigarettes and some mouthwashes which color teeth should be avoided. In the first weeks, teeth will be more open to external factors. The long-term success of teeth bleaching is directly related to the patient.

Internal bleaching in one tooth.

From time to time, some of our teeth may lose their vitality,  and the color of these teeth become darker, These teeth require canal treatment. Discoloration and darkening of these teeth are treated with internal bleaching agents which are applied to the root and inner part of the crown. Bleaching agents which are placed in the tooth are renewed every few days and repeated until the desired result and color is achieved.

This treatment aims to find the perfect smile for the patient through designing the colour, size, health of the patients’ teeth.

Smile design is a process of creating a new smile by examining the smile that suits patient’s face, shape, size and color of the teeth, the amount and appearance of the gums and the proportions appropriate to the patient for aesthetic purposes.

The need to smile, which is one of the most fundamental elements of people’s self-esteem and happiness, is one of the main needs throughout human history. Smiling not only contributes significantly to the self-confidence of the individual, but also gives important messages to the environment in which he communicates. A healthy smile with high self-esteem makes a significant contribution to a person’s ability to communicate with his / her environment more easily and to have a positive effect. People who are dissatisfied with the appearance of his/her teeth for various reasons avoid laughing and lose their self-confidence to some extent.

The dentist who will make the smile design, priorly evaluates the appearance and the smile of the person and identifies the factors that cause distress. He makes a preliminary groundwork by evaluating both the gingiva in terms of pink aesthetics, and the condition of the teeth and determining the tooth size and forms suitable for the patient’s face and temperament with the taken photographs and measurements. This preliminary preparation will provide the dentist some references for an oral intervention.

There are two basic elements in a beautiful and attractive smile. We can call it pink aesthetics and white aesthetics. The color and shape of the gums may cause disturbances in the person’s smile. First of all, the gums should be healthy; necessary treatments are applied for this. In addition, if the gingiva levels are different or the gums -known as gummy smile appearance- to be excessive, gingivectomy or gingivoplasty (gingival alignment) procedures are performed to achieve a pink aesthetic. In case of problems related to white aesthetics, according to the condition of the existing teeth, the materials and techniques to be selected are performed according to patient’s appearance and needs.

The result to be revealed in smile design should bear the signature of the person, not the dentist. All factors, including patient’s age, temperament, even occupation and socioeconomic status, should be assessed. In order to give the person an ideal smile, all these elements should be blended with patient’s expectations. Photography is essential in smile design. The distances and levels of certain anatomical points of the patient and the ideal gingival levels and the length-to-width ratios of the teeth are determined on the taken photographs from patient. With all these detailed work, the most natural and desired shapes and forms are created in accordance with the person’s temperament and expectations.